The Definition of "Mountain Biking"

Over a Beer: The Definition of

At first blush, "mountain biking" seems like an easy thing to define. But when you sit down to write the definition and are mindful of all the different variants of this sport... it gets a touch more difficult. Greg takes his best stab at it in his latest Over a Beer column.

By Greg Heil
January 3, 2018 Last Updated: January 3, 2018

18 comments

Singletracks may receive compensation for purchases made through any affiliate links in this article.

Editor’s Note: “Over a Beer” is a regular column written by Greg Heil. While Greg is the Editor in Chief for Singletracks.com, any opinions expressed in this column are his alone and do not necessarily represent the opinions of Singletracks.com.

When someone asks you how you spend your free time or what you’re most passionate about, if you’re reading this website chances are high that “mountain biking” will be your answer. If you meet someone who doesn’t know what mountain biking entails, how do you describe it to them? How do you succinctly define our sport?

[see_also id=’229206′]

Defining “Mountain Biking”

Wikipedia says that “mountain biking” is “the sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.”

This definition poses some serious problems.

1. Wikipedia says that mountain biking is riding off-road using a mountain bike. This is a circular definition at its worst.

2. The writer then tries to clarify sentence one by attempting to define what a “mountain bike” is in sentence two. But again, they fail horribly. What features are incorporated? Enhanced compared to what? What qualifies as “rough terrain”? What about a gravel bike or a cyclocross bike, which both provide “features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain,” particularly compared to a road bike?

3. What if you’re riding a mountain bike on a 4×4 road with massive boulders, drops, and steep fall-line descents that is unrideable on a road bike by mere mortals? You’re still technically riding on-road, it’s just a very rough road.

4. Based on this definition, the roughness of the terrain and durability of the bikes are the key defining features. What about wispy-light XC bikes on terrain that’s not particularly rough?

A Better Definition

Instead of taking Wikipedia’s word for it, I’m putting forward my own definition of mountain biking:

“Mountain biking is the act of riding a bicycle under 100% human power or the pull of gravity on terrain that is impassable by low clearance, two-wheel drive vehicles.”

This definition accomplishes a few key things:

1. “Mountain biking” is not defined by the machine. Mountain biking is an activity, a physical motion that you engage in. I argue that any bicycle can be used for mountain biking, if only the rider possesses sufficient skills to successfully pilot their machine. While one could argue that using the word “bicycle” in my definition poses a problem, the definition of “bicycle” is much clearer than that of “mountain bike.” I also attempt to clear up any confusion about the term “bicycle” later on.

[see_also id=’54105′]

2. Despite not being defined by the machine, mountain biking is inextricably defined by what came before: namely, road biking. Instead of crafting mountain biking’s definition in opposition to road bikes, however, I choose to define it in opposition to passenger vehicles, of which “two-wheel drive” (2wd) and “low clearance” have commonly-agreed upon definitions.

Photo: Chris Akrigg, “Revenge of the Curly Wurly Bars”

2a. This means if you’re riding a bicycle on a gnarly 4×4 road with boulder fields, ledge drops, scree-filled descents, or even just water bars and creek crossings that prevent a 2wd passenger vehicle from navigating the terrain, you’re mountain biking.

2b. This definition, in opposition to 2wd passenger vehicles, isn’t based upon the roadway itself, but rather, the “terrain.” This means that even if you’re riding on a gated gravel railroad grade that is legally off limits to motor vehicles, but could be feasibly passable by such a vehicle, you’re not mountain biking. Conversely, if you’re riding down cement staircases in a South American city, even though said staircases consist of cement and paving, you’re still mountain biking. Finally, riding on a singletrack trail that is smooth as a baby’s bottom, but is so narrow (ex: twisting through tight trees and along steep hillsides) that there’s no way a car could pass through, you’re still mountain biking.

3. While mountain biking is defined by the terrain, aside from saying what this terrain is not, I don’t go into more detail. Why? This allows the definition to encompass everything that is currently mountain biking, and could qualify as mountain biking in the future: treeless deserts, deep forests, high alpine mountains, packed snow, rocks, roots, ladder bridges, jumps… use your imagination! Can a bicycle travel there but a 2wd passenger vehicle can’t? Ok, it’s mountain biking.

4. Now, for the elephant in the room. I clarified the definition of “bicycle” by saying, “under 100% human power or the pull of gravity.” This includes chairlift-assisted downhill. It includes pedaling up a mountainside. It does not include using a motor in any form, even if it is pedal-assist.

Based on my definition, if you rode an ebike to the top of the mountain, shut off the motor, and rode down with no pedal assist, you’d be mountain biking for half the time (you’d just be riding a really heavy, cumbersome mountain bike that doesn’t handle very well).

Some of you probably disagree with this clarifier. While perhaps I’ll dedicate a full article to defending this part of my definition in its entirety, I’ll say this for now. From its inception, the bicycle has been a human-powered vehicle. When a motor was added to the bicycle, it became a motorbike, and moved into a different class. Pedal-assist ebikes live in a bizarre in-between world, fitting neither category well (arguably the worst of both worlds). I won’t go so far as to say that if you happen to have a motor attached to your frame that you can’t ever go mountain biking on it. If you choose to ride such a Frankenstein-esque contraption, instead of saying that you are “mountain biking,” it would be much more accurate–and easier–to simply say you’re ebiking.

Problems

Undoubtedly, there are plenty of potential problems with this definition. It’s pretty easy to think of an exception, like riding a BMX bike in a halfpipe, that fits this definition but is generally not considered “mountain biking.” So what do you think? Is there a better way to define “mountain biking”?

Your Turn: I opened myself up. Flame on, but try to keep it civil.

Culture

Over a Beer: Learning To Live While Out of Control

Community

It's Time for Morning Rides

Mountain Bikes and Gear

Lightweight vs. Heavy eMTBs: Weighing the Benefits of Capabilities and Appearances

MTB Tips

Everyone is Having fun on a Gravel Bike...But Me

18 Comments

Please log in or create a free account to join the discussion.

R Treb New Jersey // 2015
Jan 4, 2018

For any able bodied person trying to defend the electric motor bike thing, it's not about not approving of a certain type of bike, as it's not a bike but a motorized vehicle. I love all bikes Fat bikes , bmx, cyclocross , road bikes ,hybrids whatever. Just as long as it's not able to climb up a hill faster than 15-20 mph with some damn motor. That's the real issue folks don't get it confused.Greedy companies combined with all the prospective lazy customers out there are trying to legitimize this thing. Before you know it, a " if you can't beat them , join them" attitude is going to manifest itself. E-motorbikes are already popping up around my local trails. Someone is going to be decending at 25 mph and some kook on an E-bike is going to slam right into the decending mtber. There have been close calls already. The possibility of this happening is already here and it's disgusting that someone or some company would approve. This is not comparable to 26 tire vs 29 tire thing, this is about a motor bike disguised as a real mountain bike to fool people (and the authorities) it's sad that it's starting to work and ultimately will destroy this great thing we call mountain biking.

0 reply

Dr Sweets Georgia // 2016
Jan 3, 2018

I define mountain biking by the experience I get from it. I tell people that it's basically riding a human-powered roller coaster.

Slyham Arizona // 2015
Jan 3, 2018

I guess I take issue with saying some one riding a bike down stairs is mountain biking but climbing a fire road on a bike is not. To me, if it's not on dirt, it's not mountain biking.

I usually just define it as riding a bike on dirt trails.

wareagle4130 2010
Jan 3, 2018

Yeah, I wondered about the riding down stairs too. If you ride down stairs on a 20" freestyle bike, is that mountain biking? I'd say no, and really the same applies to DJ. On a 20" bike it's considered BMX/freestyle, but on a 26" is it considered MTB? I mean, most would kind of distinguish between the two, but other than the bike (which Greg wants to remove from the equation), they are exactly the same.

So is riding a jump park considered MTB? And how about a flow track? Now that I think about it, in my mind the one thing that separates MTB from just goofing around on my bike (such as at a jump park or skate park) is mileage. I don't consider a 300' long jump line to be MTB, but I would consider a 2 mile long flow track to be. Why? I have no idea. Maybe Strava has me brainwashed.

Zoso 2016
Jan 3, 2018

I usually define it simply as "Screwing around on a bike". Good enough for me.

BBelfield California // 2017
Jan 3, 2018

I call my riding "jackass-ing". I think we're on to something..

Kevin Mills 2016
Jan 3, 2018

There is so much in there Greg and definitely a lot to think about. How many nights did lay awake thinking all this up? :)

Are you aware you can edit Wikipedia articles? You should challenge their article with your own.

I think the biggest problem is that you insist on calling it "mountain biking". Maybe we should ditch the term altogether and find something more relevant.

I lived in the city for 10 years and this is where i rode exclusively. The many curbs and stairs around the city became my obstacles. I even urbanised my bike to better suit the city and to be honest i always felt silly calling myself a mountain biker. The name was just wrong. Maybe "urban biker"?

AUTHOR

Greg Heil Colorado // 2008
Jan 3, 2018

"Are you aware you can edit Wikipedia articles? You should challenge their article with your own."

Yeah, but Wikipedia doesn't pay me to work on their articles :) Maybe if I have some "free time" I'll try to get it updated.

"I think the biggest problem is that you insist on calling it “mountain biking”. Maybe we should ditch the term altogether and find something more relevant."

Touche. I touched on this issue in this article: https://www.singletracks.com/blog/trail-advocacy/mountain-biking-has-an-identity-crisis-and-it-affects-us-all/

Jeff Barber Georgia // 1998
Jan 3, 2018

In the early days of the sport, the term "off-road biking" was used interchangeably with mountain biking, but eventually MTB won out. Personally I think off-road is a more inclusive term, but it definitely doesn't have the same ring to it. Plenty of people mountain bike in Florida where they don't have mountains. :)

I've been thinking about Greg's definition for a while, trying to see if I can improve it, but I haven't come up with anything yet. The only part I might quibble with is the human powered bit, but from a historical perspective, that part is certainly accurate.

R Treb New Jersey // 2015
Jan 3, 2018

Yeah for you urban biker is fine if that's what you like, But a mountain bike and all the tires associated with our bikes are meant to be ridden on dirt. The name mountain bike itself stems from the originators of the sport who basically rode regular bikes with wider tires in the mountain trails. So if that's what the wanted to call it then out of respect , iam fine with that.

Bobzer68 Wisconsin // 2017
Jan 4, 2018

We "mountain bike" in Wisconsin but I challenge you to find a "Mountain" in Wisconsin. I think it should be less segregated and just call it biking. I own 2 bikes. A bike I ride strictly on the rode (700 x 23 tires) and a 27.5 plus that covers all other ground but can be used on the rode. Maybe Singletracks should be the front runner in calling it "All Terrain" Biking (ATB). That should cover it. Except for those that have those huge tires and float on water. I don't think water falls under terrain. That is another definition.

streighty Oregon // 2015
Jan 10, 2018

If I recall correctly, there was a lot of debate back in the early to mid-80'sand whether the sport and equipment would be called mountain biking (bikes) our all terrain biking (bikes). Both lived on for a while, but the ATB nomenclature seemed to lose out.

I agree with the other posters on riding stairs. I certainly rode many stairs on my bmx bike as a kid. I wouldn't consider this mountain biking. I'm speculating that Greg felt the need to include this because of the city riding competitions that often involve stairs, narrow sidewalks and human built ramps.

However we all call it, it is damn fun.

Cheers

Chris Bonsall New Jersey // 2017
Jan 4, 2018

Well written or explained Greg. I love our Sport is so diverse and progressive. There are only two things I dislike, E-Bikes and the debait over Mountain Bikes being allowed in Designated Wilderness Areas (National Parks,etc). They are both the white elephant in the room and need IMBA, STC and local and regional MTB groups and clubs attention (imho). Keep the Knobbie Side Down ??????????????

Well written or explained Greg. I love our Sport, it is so diverse and progressive. There are only two things I dislike, E-Bikes and the debait over Mountain Bikes being allowed in Designated Wilderness Areas (National Parks,etc). They are both the white elephant in the room and need IMBA, STC and local and regional MTB groups and clubs attention (imho). Keep the Knobbie Side Down!

mongwolf Mongolia // 2011
Jan 4, 2018

What do I think, Greg? I think you need to get on the ski slopes really soon bro. I do know that what I do in Mongolia is mountain biking. Woooooo-hoooooo.

AnelloGrande 2012
Jan 3, 2018

Why define it at all? It's all cycling. If you're talking to someone who doesn't ride, all they know is that you are riding a bicycle. If you're talking to someone who does ride, they may follow up with a question of where you ride to get an idea of what you like to ride compared to them. In which case the term mountain biking is useless as riding at a lift access bikepark vs. a XC loop can be completely different experiences, but both are mountain biking.

I say - just enjoy the ride, where ever it is, and enjoy the beer after.

I can definitely agree with this.

You're right about non-riders having no idea what your talking about. I do think that the term "mountainbike" at least gives people an idea of the style of riding if not the place you're actually riding in. Also, riding lift access should be referred to as jackassing, f-ing off, screwing about or something of that nature (not talking crap, it's my favorite kind of riding!)

Defining “Mountain Biking”

A Better Definition

Problems

Featured Articles

18 Comments